History

In this chapter, the first  major breakthrough happened in Asia and the Middle east. Austria and Ottoman Empire collapsed following World War 1. German and Japanese empires ended in World war 2 .There was the end of colonial enterprise due to awareness of exploitation, educated elite became aware of gasp between its values and practices. In South Africa, South Africans had extreme dependency white controlled economy. They struggled more because they had Apartheid separated whites and blacks in every way while whites retained labor power. There was also the banning of ANC and imprisonment on Nelson Mandela.

China- There was a massive outflow of silver to the British to pay for Opium. Since most of the people in China were addicts china decided on suppression. Britain didn't like this since they benefited from this. Britain sent its military to teach them about free trade. The treaty of Nanjing ended the opium war but it was on British terms. This treaty imposed a lot of restrictions on Chinese sovereignty and opened 5 ports to European traders.

I am going to focus on the scramble for Africa. The scramble for Africa was the division and colonization of African territory by Europeans.  Europeans and its rivals thought Africa had a lot of wealth. Europeans saw Africa as a source of raw materials, and the opportunity to spread Christianity and so on.  It was a very violent time, Europeans were aggressive and were well armed. To spread fear and forced labor from Africans, to rationalize what they were doing they used scientific reason like Darwin's theory and classification of size and shape of the human skulls which turned out whites were larger and therefore more advanced. In class, I learned that is called Scientific racism.

The Atlantic Revolutions and echoes that happened after. The three revolutions were 1776 North America, 1789 French, and 1791 Haitian. The North American Revolution was working towards progress, freedom, equality, and independence. The French Revolution was working towards liberty, equality, and fraternity. Hati fought because they were influenced by the other two revolutions. The Haitian revolution led to the abolition of slavery and after that the feminist movement. All the revolutions were very impactful but the Haitian revolution was the first time slaves had won, they were highly motivated since it was an all or nothing fight for them.

The industrial revolution was one of the most important developments in human history happened in Britain and U.S. In this people figured out how to burn things that would create energy and make production more efficient, combustion engine. What the industrial revolution did was to make products less expensive and it was more efficient. Although things were cheaper the working conditions were horrible, there was the abuse of the workers, child labor, poor working conditions, and no job security. The cities, in turn, were overpopulated and polluted.

Yay- I'm done!